When it comes to rare and fascinating gemstones, few can match the allure of alexandrite. Known for its unique ability to change color under different lighting conditions, this gemstone has captivated jewelers and collectors for centuries. Let’s take a closer look at what makes alexandrite so special, from its color-changing magic to its fascinating history and origins.

What Is Alexandrite?

Alexandrite is a gemstone that was first discovered in Russia in 1834. Originally thought to be an emerald due to its green hues, it was later identified as a variety of chrysoberyl. This fascinating gem was named in honor of Russian Tsar Alexander II, as it was found on his 16th birthday. The discovery took place in the Russian Ural Mountains, which were once known for their rich emerald deposits, adding to the initial confusion over its identity.

But what truly sets alexandrite apart is its color-changing ability. Known for its "chameleon-like" qualities, alexandrite appears greenish-blue in natural light and shifts to reddish-purple under artificial light. This incredible transformation occurs due to the way the stone absorbs light, making it one of the most intriguing gemstones in the world.

The Fascinating Phenomenon: Chatoyancy

In addition to its color-changing property, alexandrite can also exhibit chatoyancy, also known as the “cat-eye” effect. This phenomenon occurs when a visible white stripe runs across the gem’s center, making it look like the eye of a cat. The best way to see this effect is by gently moving the stone back and forth in fluorescent light. Other gemstones that display chatoyancy include aquamarine, tourmaline, and moonstone.

Where Is Alexandrite Found?

While alexandrite was first discovered in Russia, today, the majority of alexandrite comes from other regions. Notable sources include Sri Lanka, Brazil, Madagascar, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Each location produces alexandrite with slightly different characteristics. For example:

• Zimbabwe Alexandrite: Darker in color with minimal color change.
• Tanzanian Alexandrite: Lighter with moderate to good color-changing ability.
• Brazilian Alexandrite: Known for vibrant blue to purplish color changes.
• Sri Lankan Alexandrite: Often displays a khaki to brownish color shift.

Types of Alexandrite

There are several types of alexandrite depending on its origin:

• Zimbabwe: Minimal color change, darker hues with hints of purple.

• Tanzania: Lighter color with moderate color shift.

• Brazil: Rich blue to purplish hues.

• Sri Lanka: Displays khaki to brownish color changes.

The 4 C’s of Alexandrite

When it comes to determining the value of alexandrite, experts use the traditional 4 C’s: Color, Cut, Carat, and Clarity.

• Color: The best alexandrite specimens exhibit a strong green to bluish-green color in daylight, shifting to a vibrant red to purplish-red in incandescent light. Moderate to strong color saturation is preferred.
• Cut: Alexandrite is typically cut into traditional faceted shapes like round, pear, oval, and cushion. Fancy shapes are also common, but unless it exhibits chatoyancy, it’s rarely cut as a cabochon.
• Carat: Alexandrite is generally small, with anything over one carat considered highly valuable. Stones over three carats are particularly rare.
• Clarity: Alexandrite is usually eye-clean with very few inclusions. Some inclusions even contribute to the cat-eye effect, increasing the value of the stone.

How Alexandrite Forms

Alexandrite is a chromium-bearing variety of chrysoberyl, and it is this chromium content that gives the gem its color-changing ability. The gemstone forms deep within the Earth’s crust under high pressure and temperature conditions, leading to its clarity and exceptional color shifts.

Alexandrite in Jewelry

Thanks to its rare beauty and fascinating color-changing properties, alexandrite is highly prized in fine jewelry. It is commonly set in engagement rings, earrings, and pendants. Its color-changing nature not only makes it an excellent conversation piece but also an heirloom-quality gem that’s likely to be treasured for generations.

Caring for Alexandrite

To keep your alexandrite gemstone in top condition, clean it gently using warm, soapy water and a soft, lint-free cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals, and if the stone is free of fractures, a steam or ultrasonic cleaner is safe for routine cleaning. Store alexandrite away from other jewelry, particularly diamonds, to avoid scratches or chips.

Conclusion

Alexandrite is more than just a gemstone—it’s a natural wonder. Its remarkable ability to change colors based on light, combined with its rarity and striking appearance, has earned it a place of distinction in the world of fine gemstones. Whether you’re a collector, a jewelry enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates nature’s beauty, alexandrite is sure to continue enchanting for generations to come.